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General
- ABA Center for Professional Responsibility . The ABA has collected its vast resources on legal ethics into one place. This site includes full-text of model rules and codes (with annotations), ABA ethics opinion headnotes accessible through ETHICSearch, articles, news releases, special projects, and a list of publications.
- Cornell University School of Law Legal Ethics Resource Guide . This is an annotated bibliography of print and electronic resources on legal ethics and professional responsibility. Topics covered include: web sites; ABA and state codes, rules, and opinions; periodicals; research aids; and treatises on specific subjects, such as criminal law.
- FindLaw Ethics and Professional Responsibility Law Guide. This is a collection of various web-based resources on legal ethics. It includes: publications in the Findlaw Library; and directories of government agencies, organizations, discussion groups, and web sites.
- Jurist Legal Profession Guide . This is a collection of ethics resources from an academic perspective. It includes links to News Sources, Bibliographies, Law Review Journals, Resource Pages, Course Pages, Associations, and more. The site is maintained by JURIST: The Legal Education Network at the University of Pittsburgh School of Law.
- Law Scout (University of AkronSchool of Law). This is a compilation of legal research guides, pathfinders, bibliographies and tutorials published by US law schools, some of which concern researching legal ethics. Brief descriptions of each school's collection are included. The site is maintained by Paul Richert, Law Librarian and Professor of Law at the University of Akron School of Law.
- Legal Ethics Resources on the Web (Washington and LeeUniversitySchool of Law). This is a collection of annotated links to legal ethics resources concerning: Professional Responsibility Law, Analysis of Legal Ethics Issues, Print Sources With Online Indexes, Organizations, and Applied Ethics.
- Legal Information Institute American Legal Ethics Library (LII). This is a national collection of ethics codes, opinions, courts rules and other materials organized by jurisdiction and topic maintained by the Legal Information Institute at Cornell University School of Law.
- NYSDA Ethics Hot Topic . This is one of NYSDA's many Hot Topics pages that collects news and resources on subjects of interest to criminal defense practitioners in New York. It includes Current Developments (local and national), Current Ethics Opinions, Practice Pointers, Lawyer's Code, Opinions, Special Reports, and Research Links.
- Researching Professional Responsibility (University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law). This is a guide for researching legal ethics questions. It was prepared by Professor Barbara Glesner Fines at the University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Law. It describes the main sources of authority and various online and print tools for answering ethics questions
- Ethical Guidelines for Settlement Negotiations (ABA 2004). These guidelines cover ethical issues that arise during the settlement process and negotiation. They are only suggestive, since they have not been approved by the House of Delegates or the Board of Governors of the American Bar Association.
- Coalition and Center for Ethical Medical Testimony . This a nonprofit professional membership association that provides information about medical expert witness ethics and its impact on the practice of medicine. It includes news articles, forums for members to exchange ideas and information, and annotated research links.
Codes
- Model Code of Professional Responsibility (ABA). This is an annotated copy of the Code published by the ABA and used by many states as the template for developing their own rules of professional responsibility.
- Model Rules of Professional Conduct (ABA). This is a black letter version of the Model Rules with links to commentaries. Other editions with more extensive analysis are noted on this site and can be purchased from the ABA.
- New York Lawyer's Code of Professional Responsibility (NYSBA). This is an annotated copy of the New York Code published by the New York State Bar Association. The most up-to-date version of the Code can be found in 22 NYCRR Part 1200. A folio version of the Code is available from the Legal Information Institute.
- Legal Information Institute Rules of Lawyer Conduct (LII). This is a topical guide to legal ethics with hyperlinks to parallel Model Rules and Model Code provisions from the ABA and different states.
- State Ethics Rules (MercerUniversity, WalterF.GeorgeSchool of Law). This is a collection of links to legal ethics codes and opinions from around the country. This site is maintained by Professor David Hricik at MercerUniversity, Walter F. George School of Law.
- Statement of Client¥s Rights (OCA). This is the official version of the Statement of Client's Rights from 22 NYCRR § 1210.1 provided by the New York State Office of Court Administration.
- Codes of Ethics Online (Illinois Institute of Technology). This site contains a collection of more than 850 codes of ethics from professional societies, corporations, government agencies, and academic institutions. This is a good source for locating the ethical guidelines in various fields of expertise. The site is maintained by the Center for the Study of Ethics in the Professions at the Illinois Institute of Technology.
Court Rules
- Court Rules (OCA). The New York State Office of Court Administration is in the process of posting its rules, while links to the rules of the Appellate Divisions concerning attorney conduct are currently available.
- Judges' Rules (NYLJ). Court rules for New York federal and state courts concerning attorney conduct are available from NYLJ.com. Subscription required.
- Guide to Attorney Disciplinary Procedures in New York State (NYSBA). This is a short resource guide that explains the attorney disciplinary process in New York. It was prepared by the New York State Bar Association Committee on Professional Discipline.
- Court Rules, Forms and Dockets (LLRX.com). This resource that contains over 1400 links to federal and state courts. Published by the Law Library Resource Exchange (LLRX.com), it is a powerful search tool and presents information in a well-organized fashion.
Opinions
Criminal Defense Ethics
Opinions
Standards
- ABA Principal Resolutions on Indigent Defense (SCLAID). This is a collection ofABA guidelines, principles, resolutions, and standards concerning public defense. They cover such topics as public defense delivery systems, death penalty representation, compensation for assigned counsel, and right to counsel. The collection is maintained by the ABA Standing Committee on Legal Aid and Indigent Defendants (SCLAID).
- ABA Standards for Criminal Justice . This collection of black letter standards is made available by the ABA Criminal Justice Section . They cover such topics as Defense Function, Criminal Appeals, Guilty Pleas, Mental Health, Pretrial Release, Sentencing, and Prosecution Function. Ordering information for print volumes with commentaries and case law citations is posted.
- ABA Standing Committee on Legal Aid and Indigent Defendants (SCLAID). The Committee studies issues of concern to public defense. Their resources include a collection of national and state reports and studies on Indigent Defense and Public Defender Systems.
- Compendium of Standards for Indigent Defense Systems (BJA 2000). This is a collection of national, state, and local standards concerning indigent defense. The topics covered include: Administration of Defense Systems; Attorney Performance; Capital Case Representation; Appellate Representation; and Juvenile Justice Defense. The collection was published by the US Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Assistance.
- NACDL Collection of Standards. This is a directory of standards published or maintained by BJA, ABA, and NLADA.
- NLADA Collection of Standards. This is a collection of standards published by NLADA, as well as ABA and state standards, and the BJA Compendium.
- NYSDA Collection of Defense Standards. This is a collection of standards, reports and other publications concerning the quality of public defense services. It includes national standards, reports, guidelines, indexes, bibliographies and related works that cover the US, New York and other states.
Prosecutorial Ethics
- Harmful Error (Center for Public Integrity). This is a national database of prosecutorial misconduct compiled by the Center for Public Integrity. The Center examined nearly 12,000 judicial opinions nationwide, and other sources, spanning a 30-year period. Information is organized by jurisdiction and searchable by defendant, prosecutor, state, or jurisdiction. It includes summary analyses and citation references for individual cases, as well as other resources illuminating the problems created by prosecutorial misconduct, such as wrongful conviction.
- Institute for Criminal Justice Ethics (JohnJayCollege of Criminal Justice). This is a collection of ethics resources applicable to many areas of criminal justice. It includes applied and professional ethics sites for criminal justice, police, prosecution, forensic scientists, judges, and correctional services. The Institute is involved in developing bibliographic resources and publications, and in holding conferences and training programs on criminal justice ethics.
- National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). This is a searchable library of thousands of federally funded criminal justice studies, reports and articles concerning issues related to prosecution, law enforcement, and public defense.
- National District Attorneys Association (NDAA). This site has one section on its Issues page devoted to Ethics. References to ethics on other pages can be found using the site's search engine.
- NYSDA Innocence/Wrongful Conviction Page . On this NYSDA Resource page, there is a large collection of news, reports, and research links on prosecutorial and police misconduct.
- NYSDA Police Misconduct Hot Topic. This NYSDA page covers recent developments in misconduct by law enforcement with links to reports and additional research sources.
Judicial Ethics
- New York Code of Judicial Conduct (NYSBA). The Code of Judicial Conduct is published by the New York State Bar Association and includes commentaries. [Note: "[I]f provisions of the CJC [Code of Judicial Conduct] adopted by the state bar are inconsistent with the rules [22 NYCRR Part 100], the Rules prevail." Marjorie E. Gross, Updated Rules on Judicial Conduct, New York Law Journal, May 14, 1996, at 1]
- Advisory Committee on Judicial Ethics: Opinion Search (OCA). The Committee, composed of current or former judges, issues opinions in response to requests from sitting jurists on such topics as ethical conduct, judicial duties, and conflicts of interest. The New York State Office of Court Administration created an online database of their opinions from 1996 to the present, which can be browsed by opinion number or searched by keyword. [Note: These decisions are also accessible through Westlaw from 1987 to the present.]
- Center for Judicial Ethics (AJS). The Center collects and makes available resources regarding judicial ethics nationwide. It responds to requests for information; maintains directories of investigative agencies and judicial conduct advisory committees; and publishes books and monographs, including the Judicial Conduct Reporter. This site is part of the American Judicature Society, a national nonpartisan membership organization concerned with the administration of justice.
- New York State Commission on Judicial Conduct (SCJC). The Commission is the official state agency responsible for investigating complaints of misconduct against judges and deciding whether to admonish, censure or remove them from office. New actions are announced in Press Releases and the full-text of judgments in Recent Decisions. The Decisions Archive begins with opinions from the 1980s. Their web site provides many resources including the New York Code of Judicial Conduct. [Note: The most up-to-date version of the Code can be found in 22 NYCRR Part 100.]
- Legal Information Institute Judicial Ethics Library (LII). This is a national collection of federal statutes, state commissions, codes of judicial conduct, judicial decisions, and other materials organized by jurisdiction and topic. This site is maintained by the Legal Information Institute at Cornell University School of Law.
- Manual for Administrative Law Judges and Hearing Officers (NYS Dept of Civil Service). This manual was prepared by the NYS Department of Civil Service for the benefit of judges and hearing officers presiding over administrative, agency or departmental proceedings. It includes chapters on administrative law, hearing officers and administrative law judges, ethics, due process, conduct of hearings, decision making, alternative dispute resolution and FOIL. There is an appendix with sections on evidence, lists of pertinent regulations, ethical codes, the State Administrative Procedure Act, and a bibliography with administrative law web sites.
Hotlines
- ABA ETHICSearch . Mail: ETHICSearch, Center for Professional Responsibility, American Bar Association, 541 North Fairbanks Court, Chicago, IL60611-3314. Phone: (312) 988-5323. Fax: (312) 988-5491. Email: ethicsearch@staff.abanet.org
- NACDL Ethics Advisory Hotline. This Hotline is limited to NACDL members only.
- NYSBA Committee on Professional Ethics . Mail: NYSBA Committee on Professional Ethics, One Elk Street,Albany, New York12207. Fax: (518) 487-5694. Email: ethics@nysba.org
- Prosecution and Judicial Complaint Center (NYSACDL). The Center, established by the New York State Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers, receives reports and complaints of misconduct from many sources and conducts investigations and, where appropriate, files complaints, makes referrals or asks for investigations by the Commission on Judicial Misconduct or the appropriate department disciplinary committee.
Experts
- Association of Professional Responsibility Lawyers (APRL). This is a national organization of lawyers concentrating in the fields of professional responsibility and legal ethics. The site contains a national membership directory with descriptors indicating areas of practice and expertise in professional responsibility. APRL also maintains a national clearinghouse of information (members only) that monitors recent developments and emerging issues in the areas of admission to practice, professional ethics, disciplinary standards and procedures, and professional liability.
- Ethics Officer Association (EOA). This is a professional association for managers of ethics, compliance and business conduct programs in many areas, including government and public administration. Among its resources are Standards of Conduct, a library of ethics materials, membership directory, and news about training events and conferences.
- Jurist Legal Profession Guide Course Pages . In this collection of academic ethics resources, there is a listing of Course Pages from various law schools. This is a useful site to help identify legal ethics educators, researchers, and experts. The site is maintained by JURIST: The Legal Education Network at the University of Pittsburgh School of Law.
- Legal Information Institute Directory of Legal Academia (LII). This is a list of US Law Schools that includes contact information and links to the faculty directories of each institution. Law professors who teach or conduct research in ethics and professional responsibility can be located by checking the appropriate law school.
- Martindale-Hubbell Lawyer Locator. This online version of the Martindale-Hubbell Directory allows users to search by name, location and many other fields, including Area of Practice, such as Legal Malpractice or Professional Liability.
- National Organization of Bar Counsel (NOBC). This organization is a resource for disciplinary counsel. There is a national directory of bar counsel and disciplinary lawyers. It also includes case summaries (members only), news, research links and a members' listserv.
- NYSDA Experts Resources . This is one of NYSDA's informative Resource pages that contains a collection of web-based expert, investigator, and interpreter resources. In addition, the Association maintains a web-based version of the New York City Assigned Counsel Plan Directory of Experts and Investigators . Attorneys seeking additional help with expert referrals can contact the PublicDefenseBackupCenter at (518) 465-3524 or through the NYSDA web site.
- West Legal Directory . This is an attorney directory that can be searched by many different fields or browsed by such topic areas as Ethics & Professional Responsibility.
Current Awareness
- Law of Criminal Defense. This website provides updates concerning ethical issues related to criminal defense written by attorney John Wesley Hall, Jr. , and serves as a supplement to his treatise, Professional Responsibility in Criminal Defense Practice (West Publishing 2005).
- Law of Criminal Defense. This website provides updates concerning ethical issues related to criminal defense written by attorney John Wesley Hall, Jr. , and serves as a supplement to his treatise, Professional Responsibility in Criminal Defense Practice (West Publishing 2005).
- Legal Ethics Blog
This is an online legal ethics journal with current postings about significant new developments, and a substantial collection of research materials. The site is maintained by Attorney Ben Cowgill.
- Legal Ethics Forum . This is a web log devoted to a wide range of discussion topics in ethics and professional responsibility. The site is maintained by University of Texas Law Professor John Dzienkowski, Cornell Law Professor Brad Wendel and Berkeley (Boalt Hall) Law Lecturer (and practicing lawyer) John Steele
- Legal Ethics Listserv (WashLaw). This listserv is devoted to discussions about legal ethics. It is exclusive to lawyers, law professors, and law students. The listserv is maintained by WashLaw at Washburn University School of Law.
- New York Professional Responsibility Report (NYPRR). The New York Professional Responsibility Report is a monthly newsletter containing articles and reports on ethics and professionalism issues of concern to New York lawyers. It covers such topics as client perjury, conflicts of interest, confidentiality, and researching legal ethics. CLE credit is available. Subscription required.
- Ethics and Lawyering Today Newsletter . This is a monthly online newsletter concerning current issues in legal ethics. It includes information on new court decisions, ethics opinions, and other developments. The online archive begins in 2001. Subscription is free. The Newsletter is authored by Attorneys William Freivogel and Lucian Pera.
- LegalEthics.com . This web site reports on developments in legal ethics as they pertain to the Internet and other aspects of electronic lawyering, such as email. It has an extensive collection of research links organized by topic. The site is maintained by Internet Legal Services.
Bibliography
Researching Legal Ethics
- Ethics and Professional Responsibility Resources (Defender Services Training Branch, Administrative Office of the United States Courts 2001)
- Ethics on the Web: An Annotated Bibliography of Legal Ethics Material on the Internet, 28 Stetson L. Rev. 369 (1998)
- Finding the Answer to Ethics Problems, New York Professional Responsibility Report, October 2001, at 1
- Internet Ethics and Netiquette for Attorneys and Law Firms, Internet for Lawyers, November 2002
- Researching Ethics Issues—A List of General Sources, New York Professional Responsibility Report, May 2003, at 9
- Researching Ethics Issues—A List of Sources, New York Professional Responsibility Report, March 2003, at 9
- Resources for Research in Legal Ethics (Hein 1992)
- Top Sites: In Search of Ethics on the Internet, American Bar Association Journal, March 2003
- Web of Legal Ethics: Rules of Professional Conduct, Law Library Resource Xchange, February 1, 1999
Legal Ethics
Criminal Defense Ethics
Prosecutorial Ethics
Judicial Ethics
Legal Ethics Journals
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