NYSDA Defender News - July/August 1995

Defender News - July/August 1995


Table of Contents:

  • Announcement of 28th Annual Meeting
  • Presiding Justices and Capital Defender Office Board Announce Screening Panels
  • Pataki's Double-Celling Policy Protested
  • Incarceration Rate in U.S. Has Tripled Since 1980
  • Court Eases Funding for Habeas Defense Investigations; House Votes to Eliminate LSC Funding
  • AUO Defendants Successfully Seek DMV Suppression Hearings
  • DWI Suspension Pending Prosecution Update
  • Criminal Jury Instruction Manual Updated; Now Available on Computer Diskettes


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    New York State Defenders Association

    28th Annual Meeting & Conference

    September 22-23, 1995
    Omni Hotel
    Albany, New York

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    Topics and Speakers

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    Recent Developments in Criminal Law and Procedure

    Ed Nowak


    1995 Legislative Review

    Al O'Connor


    Medical Aspects of Child Sex Abuse

    Dr. Robert Fay


    Competency and Special Issues When Representing the Mentally Ill Client

    Dr. Odyessus Adamides and Ed Scanlon


    Getting Funds for the Expert You Need

    Stacy Wolf and Claudia Schultz


    Confronting and Handling Judicial Misconduct

    Marvin Schechter, Bennett Gershman and Gerald Stern


    Hot Issues in DWI Cases

    Peter Gerstenzang


    It's Not Over `Til It's Over: Advocacy After the Jury Charge

    Michele Maxian


    Cross-Examination of the Child Witness

    Laurie Shanks


    Taking Advantage of Early Release Mechanisms

    Bill Gibney


    CD-ROM Legal Research: Hands-on Training

    LawDesk


    Criminal Defense Information Exchange

    And More . . .

    Registration materials will soon be available.

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    Presiding Justices and Capital Defender Office Board
    Announce Screening Panels

    The Presiding Justices of the Appellate Divisions for the State's four judicial departments, together with the Board of Directors of the Capital Defender Office (CDO), recently announced the appointment of four screening panels as required by the recently enacted death penalty statute, which takes effect September 1, 1995.

    Each screening panel consists of four members who will serve two-year terms. (Half of the first appointees will begin with one-year terms in order to stagger the terms.) The panels will establish, for each judicial department, a roster of private attorneys who are qualified to provide effective legal representation for indigent persons charged with capital crimes. Appointed attorneys will be paid by the State.

    An attorney added to a screening panel's roster must demonstrate to the screening panel that he or she meets certain minimum standards. The minimum standards will prescribe the criminal defense and trial experience and specialized capital case training that an attorney must have so as to be qualified to handle a capital case.

    The Board of Directors of the CDO, after consultation with the Administrative Board of the Courts (the Chief Judge of the Court of Appeals plus the four Presiding Justices), will propose these minimum standards this month. To take effect, the Court of Appeals, after inviting written comments from interested parties, must approve the proposed minimum standards.

    Each screening panel is responsible for proposing a schedule of fees - - subject to the approval of the Court of Appeals -- that the State will pay appointed attorneys in death penalty cases.

    Each Appellate Division will consult with its respective screening panel on establishing rates of fees and expenses to be paid by the State for expert, investigative and other services required by indigent defendants in capital cases.

    The four Presiding Justices are: Hon. Francis T. Murphy (First Department); Hon. Guy J. Mangano (Second Department); Hon. Anthony J. Cardona (Third Department); Hon. M. Delores Denman (Fourth Department). The Board of Directors of the CDO are: Arthur L. Liman, Chair; John R. Dunne; Christopher E. Stone. Kevin E. Doyle is the Acting Capital Defender.

    The Appointees are:

    First Department

    Second Department

    Third Department

    Fourth Department

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    Pataki's Double-Celling Policy Protested

    A broad-based alliance of organizations throughout the state, as well as representatives of several national groups, convened recently in Albany to protest the Pataki Administration's new policy of "double-celling" inmates in New York's prisons and jails. In a May 24 ruling, State Supreme Court Justice (Albany) Lawrence E. Kahn permitted corrections officials to follow through with the Governor's stated aim of putting two inmates into prison cells that were designed for one (See, "`Double-Celling' of Inmates Resumes," Public Defense Backup Center REPORT, May 1995, p. 2.).

    Led by the New York State Coalition for Criminal Justice, the participants of the alliance called for a careful analysis of the policy in hopes of avoiding its likely repercussions for inmates as well as guards. Implementation of the policy has contributed to dangerous prison overcrowding and health hazards. It has prompted lawsuits by unionized prison staff and inmates alike. Thousands of inmates in several prisons have gone on hunger strikes to protest the change.

    While the Pataki Administration argues that the policy will save the financial cost of building new prisons, it was criticized for ignoring the potential liabilities associated with uprisings, increased recidivism, disease, lowered supervision standards and general deteriorating prison conditions.

    As of early July, the state has identified 780 double cells in 13 medium and maximum-security prisons.

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    Incarceration Rate in U.S. Has Tripled Since 1980

    According to a report recently released by the Justice Department, the number of Americans under control of the criminal justice system reached 5 million last year, including a record 1.5 million inmates in Federal and state prisons and local jails and another 3.5 million convicted criminals on probation and parole. Butterfield, "More in U.S. Are in Prisons, Report Says," New York Times, 8/10/95, p. A 14.

    If the current trend continues as predicted by law enforcement experts and criminologists, there will soon be 6 million Americans behind bars or on probation or parole -- the number of full-time students enrolled in four- year colleges and universities nationwide.

    Not surprisingly, criminologists and politicians disagreed as to whether the large number of Americans behind bars had any effect on the crime rate. While politicians perceived the report as encouraging since it has resulted in lower crime rates, criminologists warn that any gain in terms of reduced crime has been disproportionate when measured against the vast increase in the numbers of prisoners. "We should think very hard about the trade-off" between the tripling in the prison population and the relatively small decrease in crime, said Alfred Blumstein, a criminologists at Carnegie Mellon University.

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    Court Eases Funding for Habeas Defense Investigations;
    House Votes to Eliminate LSC Funding

    In a ruling filed on July 18, a 9th Circuit Court of Appeals panel made it easier for death penalty counsel to get federal funding for investigations in habeas appeals. "Court Eases Funding of Habeas Probes," The National Law Journal, 7/31/95. The majority of the three-judge panel reversed a Los Angeles federal judge who last year denied such costs for condemned murderer Jackson Chambers Daniels, Jr. Daniels v. U.S. District Ct. for the Central Dist. of California, __ F.3d __ (7/18/95).

    The case has been watched closely by death penalty counsel for clarification on the funding of the "one-bite-at-the-apple" habeas investigation and appeal that the U.S. Supreme Court gave death row inmates in McCleskey v. Zant, 499 U.S. 467.

    The ruling came a day before the House Appropriations Committee approved the elimination of all funding for post-conviction defender organizations (PCDO's), formerly known as death penalty resource centers. Funding for the Legal Services Corporation was proposed to be slashed from $400 million to $278 million in fiscal 1996. "LSC: $278M; Death Row Lawyers: 0," The National Law Journal, 7/31/95, p. A11.

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    AUO Defendants Successfully Seek DMV Suppression Hearings

    As police continue to increase enforcement of laws designed to punish drivers with multiple license suspensions, such as aggravated unlicensed operation (AUO) of a motor vehicle, defendants have aggressively sought suppression of Department of Motor Vehicle (DMV) records which prove prior suspensions. According to the New York Law Journal, at least two Criminal Court judges in recent months have agreed that suppression hearings are necessary to determine whether a defendant's car was stopped and his DMV records checked by police without probable cause to believe a crime or traffic infraction had been committed. Anderson, "Hearings on Suppression of Motor Vehicle Records," N.Y.L.J., 8/8/95, p.1.

    In People v. Shamail Rizwan, filed last month in Criminal Court, New York County, Judge Sheryl L. Parker rejected a prosecution argument that DMV records are public records in which a defendant can claim no expectation of privacy. Last spring Judge John Cataldo had rejected a prosecution argument that DMV records were not subject to suppression because they were not physical evidence. People v. Michel Thomas, N.Y.L.J., 4/3/95, p. 29, col.3.

    Judge Parker ruled in Rizwan that while a defendant has no standing to oppose the introduction of public records into evidence, DMV records can be subject to suppression as "fruits" of an unlawful seizure. A "defendant need not establish an expectation of privacy in evidence classified as "fruit" of an unlawful search and seizure, provided he has an expectation of privacy in the seizure that directly led to the `fruit,'" the judge said. She ordered a hearing to determine the legality of the stop of Mr. Rizwan's car and the subsequent computer check of the DMV records by the arresting officer which revealed Mr. Rizwan's six prior license suspensions.

    In Thomas, Judge Cataldo ruled that a police request to see a driver's license and registration must be justified by probable cause because random traffic stops "constitute an impermissible intrusion on a motorist's freedom of movement." He added that although the information the defendant sought to suppress is information contained in the computer record of a state agency, "this does not bar suppression." "[T]he defendant's factual allegations sufficiently assert that an illegal stop occurred and that but for that stop the defendant's DMV records would not have come to light," the judge said in ordering a suppression hearing.

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    DWI Suspension Pending Prosecution Update

    In the February 1995 issue of the REPORT, we reported two lower court decisions in which challenges to Vehicle and Traffic Law 1193(2)(e)(7)(b) were successful. People v. David Micich (Queensbury Town Ct., 1/27/95) and People v. Raymond Mulvihill (Somers Town Ct., 1/23/95)("Constitutionality of VTL 1193(2) Suspension Pending Prosecution Successfully Challenged," February 1995, p. 1.) The VTL provision, which took effect on November 1, 1994, requires an arraigning court to suspend the driver's license of a motorist who failed a chemical test.

    Since then, Peter Gerstenzang and Edward Fiandach have submitted to the Backup Center several additional related rulings including: People v. Edward Conrad and People v. Norman Lancaster (Fishkill Village Ct., 8/14/95); People v. Scott Casey (Moreau Town Ct., 7/6/95); People v. Todd Johnson (Chili Town Ct., 6/26/95); People v. Richard Wetzler (Southeast Town Ct., 5/10/95); People v. Robert Hamilton, Jr. and People v. David Baptista (Oswego City Ct., 4/4/95); People v. Frank Delise (Newark Valley Town Ct., 4/2/95); People v. Boulton, 625 NYS2d 428 (Troy City Ct.); Michael Pringle v. Terrance Wolfe (Supreme Ct., Wayne Co., 3/17/95); People v. Kent Sisco (Supreme Ct., Broome Co., 2/22/95); People v. Nuchow, 623 NYS2d 1006 (Orangetown Town Ct.); and Josip Maricevic v. Justices of the Ashland Town Court (Supreme Ct., Greene Co., 1/17/95)

    For more information on these rulings, contact the Backup Center. If you are aware of other rulings regarding challenges to 1193(2)(e)(7), please submit them to the Backup Center.

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    Criminal Jury Instruction Manual Updated;
    Now Available on Computer Diskettes

    The first installment of the Second Edition of the Criminal Jury Instruction Manual is now available. The updated charges replace the charges contained in Volumes II and III of the First Edition. Additional charges are to follow.

    The cost of this new volume is $25. If you purchase a new volume, you may also obtain these new charges on a computer disk, which costs $5.

    To obtain more information, contact: Criminal Jury Instruction Manuals, Box 3139, Church Street Station, New York, NY 10008.

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